fin-de-siecle

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 fin-de-siècle-  anxieties in arts and sciences.
 
 Who-  igor stravinsky’s rite of spring, marie curie, max plank, einstein, comte, durkheim, etc.  Basically learn shanes’s powerpoint because it is all about fin de siecle
 
-What – French for « end of the century » the 19th century fin de siecle is the turn of the 20th century.  In the natural sciences, the orderliness of the universe was questioned.  In mathematics, results conflicted with the senses.  In physics, there were new discoveries that altered the current view, such as Marie curie’s divisible nature of the atom and max plank’s quantum theory.  Einstein’s theory of relativity meant that physical existence was an illusion.  Positivism also emerged and makes no distinction between natural and social science.  Comte said collection and analysis of data on humans and their environment could lead to universal social laws that then would guide the improvement of the surrounding world.  Durkheim said division of labor led to alienation which led to more suicides.  Max Weber questioned positivism, seeking to interpret individuals and trends in their cultural and social contexts. Nietzsche’s, against positivism, critique of modern civilization was tremendously popular at the turn of the century.  Freud is between positivism and anti-positivism.  Then there was modernism and a turn away from realist literature and a turn toward symbolism and futurist writings (futurist manifesto).  Same thing with impressionism in painting (dabs of paint).  Then post-impressionism with more reality.  Then fauvism with more emphasis on the paint rather than the object.  Then expressionism with focus on emotion (edvard munch).  Then cubism with distorted images to show the ugliness of reality (Picasso).  Then surrealism to show meshing of dreams with reality (Salvador dali).  In music impressionism and new modes of expression (Stravinsky).  Then democratization and popularization of culture with introduction of vaudeville, cabaret, and cinema. More libraries and theaters.
+What – French for « end of the century » the 19th century fin de siecle is the turn of the 20th century.  In the natural sciences, the orderliness of the universe was questioned.  In mathematics, results conflicted with the senses.  In physics, there were new discoveries that altered the current view, such as Marie curie’s divisible nature of the atom and max plank’s quantum theory.  Einstein’s theory of relativity meant that physical existence was an illusion.  
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+In the 19th century positivism emerged and makes no distinction between natural and social science. Comte said collection and analysis of data on humans and their environment could lead to universal social laws that then would guide the improvement of the surrounding world.  Durkheim said division of labor led to alienation which led to more suicides.  In thr 20th century Max Weber questioned positivism, seeking to interpret individuals and trends in their cultural and social contexts. Nietzsche’s anti-positivism critique of modern civilization was tremendously popular at the turn of the century.  Freud is between positivism and anti-positivism.  Then there was modernism and a turn away from realist literature and a turn toward symbolism and futurist writings (futurist manifesto).  Same thing with impressionism in painting (dabs of paint).  Then post-impressionism with more reality.  Then fauvism with more emphasis on the paint rather than the object.  Then expressionism with focus on emotion (edvard munch).  Then cubism with distorted images to show the ugliness of reality (Picasso).  Then surrealism to show meshing of dreams with reality (Salvador dali).  In music impressionism and new modes of expression (Stravinsky).  Then democratization and popularization of culture with introduction of vaudeville, cabaret, and cinema. More libraries and theaters.
 
 When -  1880-1914
 
 Where – France and Europe
 
 Why-	At the turn of the century most educated Europeans and Americans believed in reason, science and progress.  At the same time we see the emergence of another trend of thought that saw the Western world in a state of uncertainty and malaise.  In the arts, such anxieties about the surrounding world led to the beginning of a movement called modernism.  Although the impact of modernism would not be visible until after WWI, its origins are in fin-de-siècle Europe.