http://westernciv.atwiki.com/ en 2008-08-03T00:12:38+09:00 http://westernciv.atwiki.com/page/collectivization - large collective farms called kolhoz created - persecution of kulaks (well-off peasants or political opponents) - famine – estimated 4 million died - forced many peasants into industrial life - deliberately harvested less until they received rights to their own land 2008-08-03T00:12:38+09:00 http://westernciv.atwiki.com/page/Western%20Wiki Wiki is a type of websites. You can edit wiki pages easily. You can edit the content with WYSIWYG(HTML)-mode or TEXT-mode or WIKI-mode You can change web site style , If SignIn on page top right bottun. Page Lock is signin user only. Lock-@id is @id user only editable. Lock-admin is admin only editable. 2008-06-08T05:10:00+09:00 http://westernciv.atwiki.com/page/Menu ==menu== * [[FrontPage]] * [[Menu]] ---- ==recent list 20 == @@recent(20)@@ ---- 2008-06-08T05:03:53+09:00 http://westernciv.atwiki.com/page/Chat%20Room <div style="width:430px"><style>.mcrmeebo { display: block; background:url("http://widget.meebo.com/r.gif") no-repeat top right; } .mcrmeebo:hover { background:url("http://widget.meebo.com/ro.gif") no-repeat top right; } </style><object width="430" height="300"><param name="movie" value="http://widget.meebo.com/mcr.swf?id=ocihDmIwGS"></param><embedsrc="http://widget.meebo.com/mcr.swf?id=ocihDmIwGS" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="430" height="300" /></object><a href="http://www.meebo.com/rooms/" class="mcrmeebo"><img alt="Create a Meebo Chat Room" src="http://widget.meebo.com/b.gif" width="430" height="45" style="border:0px"/></a></div> 2008-06-08T05:02:49+09:00 http://westernciv.atwiki.com/page/futurism -a part of the modernist movement in art and literature that redefines the traditional views of reality   - instead of realism futurism portrays action; it embraces the fast, industrial, violent pace of the modern world   -F. T. Marinetti, The Futurist Manifesto of 1909:   We intend to exalt aggressive action, a feverish insomnia, the racer’s speed, the mortal leap, the punch and the slap…We will glorify war – the world’s only hygiene – militarism, patriotism, the destructive gesture of freedom-bringers…We will destroy the museums, libraries, academies of every kind, will fight moralism, feminism, every opportunistic or utilitarian cowardice. 2008-04-28T12:37:21+09:00 http://westernciv.atwiki.com/page/montage montage- Who- Eisenstein, vertov, maybe triumph of the will and olympia but not sure by Leni Riefenstahl What - theory : The juxtaposition of images (the dialectic) creates a new image (synthesis) that reveals “reality” in the mind of the spectator and The spectator should not be able to choose an interpretation; rather, film should create the “correct” interpretation in the spectator through affect. MODERNIST AESTHETICS When - 1920s-1930s Where - who cares. Why- battleship potemkin (1925, eisenstein)(movie showed in class that the montage creates the illusion that the massacre is taking place without ever directly showing violence) Man with the movie camera (1929, vertov). End of the montage with : Increasing attacks on Constructivism, with the Central Committee decree, “Reorganization of Literary and Art Institutions” (1932), the Party assumes control of all artistic activity, and with Social Realism moves to the fore as the designated aesthetic of the revolution (vs. “Formalism”) – task is to promote socialism, communism and the proletariat through realism Also goes along with constructivism with the fact that the artist is the creator of socially useful and revolutionary art. New art for a new society. 2008-04-28T05:16:20+09:00 http://westernciv.atwiki.com/page/Test%20Three-Authors%2C%20Dates%2C%20and%20Texts Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900) – ''On the Genealogy of Morals'' - 1887 Joseph Conrad (1857-1924) – ''Heart of Darkness'' – 1898-1899 Freud (1856-1939) – ''Five Lectures on Psychoanalysis'' - 1909 Ernst Jünger (1895-1998) – ''Storm of Steel'' - 1920 F.T. Marinetti (1876-1944) – Futurist Manifesto - 1909 Karel Ĉapek (1890-1938) – ''War With the Newts'' -1936 Primo Levi (1919-1987) – ''The Drowned and the Saved'' - 1988 George Kennan – The Long Telegram - 1946 Albert Camus (1913-1960) – Neither Victim nor Executioner - 1946 Milan Kundera (1929-) – ''The Unbearable Lightness of Being'' – 1984 (written about events in 1968 especially) Philip K. Dick (1928-1982) – ''Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?'' - 1968 *Also Russian Revolution documents 2008-04-28T05:08:55+09:00 http://westernciv.atwiki.com/page/Phony%20War Phony War Who: British, French, and Germans What: Also called Sitzkrieg. The British and Germans waited 8 months for the expected attack in the west from Germany which did not come. In April, Germany went north instead and took Denmark and Norway which were both neutral. Where: Continental Europe When: September 1939 - April 1940 Significance: France and Britain declared war on Germany after Germany invaded Poland. However, their entry into the war did not help Poland. Instead, they waited for Germany to attack creating the phony war. 2008-04-28T04:33:10+09:00 http://westernciv.atwiki.com/page/Mein%20Kampf Mein Kampf Who: Adolf Hitler What: “My Struggle” The autobiography and political manifesto of Hitler. Written while he was in jail. Combining anti-Semitism with anticommunism, the book set out at great length the popular theory that Germany had been betrayed by its enemies and that the country needed strong leadership to regain international prominence. 2 volumes Where: Germany When: written in 1924; published in 1925; the second volume was published in 1926 Why: Hitler underwent something of an epiphany with regards to his use of violence: from now on everything was to be ostensibly legal. Having chosen this new move, Hitler felt that he needed to make sure that the public knew what he stood for, so began to dictate a book. Significance: Despite its obvious anti-Semitism, people still claimed to be surprised by Hitler’s attack on the Jews. People still voted him into office as chancellor despite these anti-Semitic views. 2008-04-28T04:22:04+09:00 http://westernciv.atwiki.com/page/fin-de-siecle fin-de-siècle- anxieties in arts and sciences. Who- igor stravinsky’s rite of spring, marie curie, max plank, einstein, comte, durkheim, etc. Basically learn shanes’s powerpoint because it is all about fin de siecle What – French for « end of the century » the 19th century fin de siecle is the turn of the 20th century. In the natural sciences, the orderliness of the universe was questioned. In mathematics, results conflicted with the senses. In physics, there were new discoveries that altered the current view, such as Marie curie’s divisible nature of the atom and max plank’s quantum theory. Einstein’s theory of relativity meant that physical existence was an illusion. Positivism also emerged and makes no distinction between natural and social science. Comte said collection and analysis of data on humans and their environment could lead to universal social laws that then would guide the improvement of the surrounding world. Durkheim said division of labor led to alienation which led to more suicides. Max Weber questioned positivism, seeking to interpret individuals and trends in their cultural and social contexts. Nietzsche’s, against positivism, critique of modern civilization was tremendously popular at the turn of the century. Freud is between positivism and anti-positivism. Then there was modernism and a turn away from realist literature and a turn toward symbolism and futurist writings (futurist manifesto). Same thing with impressionism in painting (dabs of paint). Then post-impressionism with more reality. Then fauvism with more emphasis on the paint rather than the object. Then expressionism with focus on emotion (edvard munch). Then cubism with distorted images to show the ugliness of reality (Picasso). Then surrealism to show meshing of dreams with reality (Salvador dali). In music impressionism and new modes of expression (Stravinsky). Then democratization and popularization of culture with introduction of vaudeville, cabaret, and cinema. More libraries and theaters. When - 1880-1914 Where – France and Europe Why- At the turn of the century most educated Europeans and Americans believed in reason, science and progress. At the same time we see the emergence of another trend of thought that saw the Western world in a state of uncertainty and malaise. In the arts, such anxieties about the surrounding world led to the beginning of a movement called modernism. Although the impact of modernism would not be visible until after WWI, its origins are in fin-de-siècle Europe. 2008-04-28T03:49:34+09:00