Munich Agreement
Who: Neville Chamberlain, Dadalier, Mussolini, and Hitler
What: Munich Pact: 2.“evacuation of the [Sudeten] territory shall be completed by the 10th October without any existing installations having been destroyed.” 3.“The conditions governing the evacuation will be laid down in detail by an international commission composed of Germany, the United Kingdom, France, Italy, and Czechoslovakia.” 6.“The final determination of the frontiers will be carried out by the international commission.” It permitted German annexation of Czechoslovakia's Sudetenland.
Where: Munich, Germany
When: September 1938
Why: The purpose of the conference was to discuss the future of Czechoslovakia in the face of territorial demands made by German dictator Adolf Hitler. In response to the Sudetenland crisis.
Significance: The Sudetenland was of immense strategic importance to Czechoslovakia, as most of its border defenses were situated there. Neville Chamberlain’s defense of the Pact: “Peace in our time” He insisted that Hitler had promised that the Czech Sudetenland was his last territorial demand in Europe. Winston Churchill: “A disaster of the first magnitude” He argued that it was an unmitigated defeat for Britain, France, and the civilized world. Hungary and Poland took advantage of Czechoslovakia’s weakness after Munich to take territories they had claimed in 1919. Germany occupied most of the rest of Czechoslovakia in the Spring of 1939 breaking the Munich Agreement.