proxy war

-Third parties fight as substitutes for one or more powers -Frequently, the third parties fight through the Third World, making it a “sphere of influence.”

Examples: Greek Civil War, Indochina (1946-1958, US promote anti-French Viet Minh), Korean War, Iran, Guatemalan “Civil War,” Cuban Revolution, Viet Nam War, Angola, Ogaden War (Somalia-Ethiopia), Congo Crisis, Bay of Pigs, Grenadan Invasion, Iran-Iraq War, Nicaraguan Civil War, Chilean Coup, Bolivia, Peru, Indonesia, Arab-Israeli conflict, Afghanistan Invasion, Namibia, Egypt

Proxy wars led to the Third World rising up in the Bandung Conference. In many cases these countries also sought independence through decolonization.

After the Chinese Revolution, decolonization rapidly occurs because Europe is weak from the last two wars. India gains independence in 1947 from the British through the efforts of Mohandas K. Gandhi and India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru. Before this India is partitioned into the Muslim Pakistan and Hindu India which caused religious and ethnic warfare.

Palestine became the site of war over territory between Jewish settlers and Palestinian Arabs. Britain left because of the mounting violence, and the U.N.’s division of Palestine did not satisfy either side. In 1948 Israel proclaimed independence and survived the invasion of five nations.

Britain, France, and Belgium withdrew from Africa, and by 1965 most African colonies are independent (unless they had a strong colonial presence like South Africa and Algeria).

Also issues over Egyptian Suez, Vietnam War (1946-1954), and Algeria. pg. 778-779